搜索结果: 'methocult media formulations for human hematopoietic cells serum containing'

Angelman syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by (epi)genetic lesions of maternal UBE3A. Research has focused largely on the role of UBE3A in neurons due to its imprinting in that cell type. Yet,evidence suggests there may be broader neurodevelopmental impacts of UBE3A dysregulation. Human cerebral organoids might reveal these understudied aspects of UBE3A as they recapitulate diverse cell types of the developing human brain. In this study,scRNAseq on organoids reveals the effects of UBE3A disruption on cell type-specific compositions and transcriptomic alterations. In the absence of UBE3A,progenitor proliferation and structures are disrupted while organoid composition shifts away from proliferative cell types. We observe impacts on non-neuronal cells,including choroid plexus enrichment. Furthermore,EMX1+ cortical progenitors are negatively impacted; potentially disrupting corticogenesis and delaying excitatory neuron maturation. This work reveals impacts of UBE3A on understudied cell types and related neurodevelopmental processes and elucidates potential therapeutic targets. Human cerebral organoids exhibit compositional and transcriptomic alterations in both neuronal and non-neuronal cells in the absence of UBE3A. View Publication

Galectin-1 is implicated in several pro-tumourigenic mechanisms and is considered immune-suppressive. The pharmacological inhibition of galectin-1 may be beneficial in cancers in which galectin-1 is overexpressed and driving cancer progression. This study aimed to further characterise the immunosuppressive cytokines influenced by galectin-1 in in vitro immune cell cultures and an in vivo inflammatory model using a recently discovered selective inhibitor of galectin-1,GB1908. To enable a translational approach and link mouse and human pharmacology,anti-CD3/anti-CD28 stimulated T cells cultured from human whole blood and mouse spleens were compared. For in vivo studies of T cell-mediated inflammation,the concanavalin-A (Con-A) mouse model was used to induce a T lymphocyte-driven acute liver injury phenotype. The inhibition of galectin-1 with GB1908 reduced IL-17A,IFNγ and TNFα in a concentration-dependent manner in both mouse and human T cells in vitro. The immunosuppressive cytokines measured in Con-A-treated mice were all upregulated compared to naïve mice. Subsequently,mice treated with GB1908 demonstrated a significant reduction in IL-17A,IFNγ,IL-6 and TNFα compared to vehicle-treated mice. In conclusion,galectin-1 induced the production of several important immune-suppressive cytokines from T cells in vitro and in vivo. This result suggests that,in the context of cancer therapy,a selective galectin-1 could be a viable approach as a monotherapy,or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents and/or checkpoint inhibitors,to enhance the numbers and activity of cytotoxic T cells in the tumour microenvironment of high galectin-1 expressing cancers. View Publication

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) is a nuclear receptor family transcription factor (TF) critical for adipogenesis,lipid metabolism,insulin sensitivity,and inflammation. It has also been known to play essential roles in trophoblast development and placentation. Dysregulation of PPARG in trophoblast differentiation has been implicated in pregnancy complications,such as pre-eclampsia and gestational diabetes. However,the molecular mechanisms of PPARG-dependent target gene regulation and its interactions with other regulatory factors during human trophoblast differentiation remain unclear. Using human trophoblast stem cells (TSCs),mimicking placental cytotrophoblasts (CTs),and their differentiation into extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) as our models,we reveal that PPARG has cell-type-specific targets in TSCs and EVTs. We also find that while PPARG is essential for both TSC self-renewal and EVT differentiation,only its role in EVT differentiation is ligand sensitive and requires ligand-binding domain (LBD)-mediated transcriptional activity,whereas its function in TSC self-renewal appears to be ligand insensitive. Combined analysis with chromosomal targets of previously defined key TFs in TSCs and EVTs shows that PPARG forms trophoblast cell-type-specific regulatory circuitries,leading to differential target gene regulation via transcriptional re-wiring during EVT differentiation. Additionally,the enhanced invasiveness of EVTs treated with a PPARG agonist suggests a potential connection between PPARG pathways and human placenta accreta. View Publication

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE A subset of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nvAMD) subjects appears to be refractory to the effects of anti-VEGF treatment and require frequent intravitreal injections. The vascular phenotype of the choroidal neovascular (CNV) lesions may contribute to the resistance. Animal studies of CNV lesions have shown that cells originating from bone marrow are capable of forming varying cell types in the lesions. This raised the possibility of a similar cell population in human nvAMD subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood draws were obtained from subjects with active nvAMD while patients were receiving standard of care anti-VEGF injections. Subjects were classified as refractory or non-refractory to anti-VEGF treatment based on previous number of injections in the preceding 12 months. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and CD34-positive cells purified using magnetic bead sorting. The isolated cells were expanded in StemSpan SFEM media to increase cell numbers. After expansion,the cells were split and plated in either endothelial or mesenchymal promoting conditions. Phenotype analysis was performed via qPCR. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the number of PBMCs and CD34-positive cells between refractory and non-refractory nvAMD subjects. The growth pattern distribution between endothelial and mesenchymal media conditions were very similar between refractory and non-refractory subjects. qPCR and immunostaining demonstrated positive expression of endothelial markers in endothelial media,and markers such as NG2 and $\alpha$SMA in mesenchymal media. However,analysis of subsequent samples from AMD subjects demonstrated high variability in both the numbers and differentiation properties of this cell population. CONCLUSIONS CD34+ cells can be isolated from nvAMD subjects and show both endothelial and pericyte-like characteristics after differentiation in certain media conditions. However,nvAMD subjects show high variability in both numbers of cells and differentiation characteristics in repeat sampling. This variability highlights the importance of taking multiple samples from nvAMD subjects for any clinical trials focused on biomarkers for the disease. View Publication

Breast Cancer Stem (BCS) cells play critical roles in self-renewal,Multi Drug Resistance (MDR),differentiation and generation of secondary tumors. Conventional chemotherapy may efficiently kill the bulk of differentiated drug sensitive breast cancer cells,but not the MDR self-renewable BCS cells,leading to enrichment of the MDR BCS cells. In order to target the MDR BCS cells,we have isolated: 1) BCS cells from either breast cancer cell lines or fresh breast cancer specimens; 2) ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter group G number 2 (ABCG2)-specific aptamers; and 3) BCS cell-binding aptamers. Interestingly,ABCG2-specific aptamers labeled the membrane surface of the ABCG2-expressing baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells,but stained whole cells of the BCS cells derived from mammospheres,implying that BCS cells might have much higher rate of endocytosis than the ABCG2-expressing BHK cells. In addition,5D3,a monoclonal antibody that recognizes the extracellular loops of ABCG2 protein,also stained whole BCS cells. Furthermore,BCS cell-binding aptamers stained whole BCS cells,but not the differentiated breast cancer MCF-7 cells. All these results support above conclusion that BCS cells might have high rate of endocytosis. Further experiments performed with aptamers and human transferrin or lactosylceramide showed that BCS cells do have much higher endocytosis rate than the differentiated breast cancer cells. Interestingly,clathrin dependent endocytosis inhibitors,such as monodansylcadaverine or sucrose,or caveolin-dependent endocytosis inhibitors,such as methyl-$$-cyclodextrin or genistein,can inhibit the internalization of transferrin or lactosylceramide into the differentiated breast cancer cells,but cannot block the internalization of these compounds into the BCS cells,suggesting that BCS cells undergo clathrin-independent and caveolin-independent endocytosis. Taken together,our data suggest that BCS cells have high rate of endocytosis and open the possibilities for delivering therapeutic agents directly into the MDR BCS cells with aptamer-coated liposomes. View Publication

Thymus-derived CD4+ CD25+ T regulatory cells (Tregs) are essential for the maintenance of self-tolerance. What critical factors and conditions are required for the extra-thymic development of Tregs remains an important question. In this study,we show that the anti-inflammatory extracellular matrix protein,thrombospondin-1,promoted the generation of human peripheral regulatory T cells through the ligation of one of its receptor,CD47. CD47 stimulation by mAb or a thrombospondin-1 peptide induced naive or memory CD4+ CD25- T cells to become suppressive. The latter expressed increased amounts of CTLA-4,OX40,GITR,and Foxp3 and inhibited autologous Th0,Th1,and Th2 cells. Their regulatory activity was contact dependent,TGF-beta independent,and partially circumvented by IL-2. This previously unknown mechanism to induce human peripheral Tregs in response to inflammation may participate to the limitation of collateral damage induced by exacerbated responses to self or foreign Ags and thus be relevant for therapeutic intervention in autoimmune diseases and transplantation. View Publication

Testicular somatic cells play an important role in supporting spermatogenesis. Leydig cells (LCs) and peritubular myoid cells (PTMs) originate from a common progenitor population and show similar expression signatures in adulthood,making it difficult to distinguish and isolate the two in vitro. In this study,new surface markers for identifying adult LCs (ALCs) and PTMs were discovered by reanalyzing testicular single-cell dataset. Differential expressions of ITGA9 and NGFR were confirmed through immunofluorescence staining of human testes. A novel Fluorescence activated Cell Sorting (FACS) protocol is established for the isolation of ALCs and PTMs based on the two markers. Long-term culture of both cells were performed and their characteristics were characterized and explored. ITGA9+ /NGFR + cells were positive for markers of PTMs (SMA,CNN1) and negative for markers of ALCs (HSD3B,STAR),and were able to form tubular and spheroid structures in vitro. In contrast,ITGA9-/NGFR + cells were positive for ALC markers and negative for PTM markers,and showed a capacity of testosterone production in vitro. Also,both cells were negative for Sertoli cell marker SOX9. When the two cells were cultured,they can expand for more than 15 passages. Our study established a novel and efficient method for identifying and isolating human ALCs and PTMs,which provides a great potential for researches of the two cell types in human. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12958-025-01389-w. View Publication

Precise gene editing in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) holds promise for treating genetic diseases. However,responses triggered by programmable nucleases in HSPCs are poorly characterized and may negatively impact HSPC engraftment and long-term repopulation capacity. Here,we induced either one or several DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs) with optimized zinc-finger and CRISPR/Cas9 nucleases and monitored DNA damage response (DDR) foci induction,cell-cycle progression,and transcriptional responses in HSPC subpopulations,with up to single-cell resolution. p53-mediated DDR pathway activation was the predominant response to even single-nuclease-induced DSBs across all HSPC subtypes analyzed. Excess DSB load and/or adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated delivery of DNA repair templates induced cumulative p53 pathway activation,constraining proliferation,yield,and engraftment of edited HSPCs. However,functional impairment was reversible when DDR burden was low and could be overcome by transient p53 inhibition. These findings provide molecular and functional evidence for feasible and seamless gene editing in HSPCs. View Publication

The levels of transcription factor Ets1 are high in resting B and T cells,but are downregulated by signaling through antigen receptors and Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Loss of Ets1 in mice leads to excessive immune cell activation and development of an autoimmune syndrome and reduced Ets1 expression has been observed in human PBMCs in the context of autoimmune diseases. In B cells,Ets1 serves to prevent premature activation and differentiation to antibody-secreting cells. Given these important roles for Ets1 in the immune response,stringent control of Ets1 gene expression levels is required for homeostasis. However,the genetic regulatory elements that control expression of the Ets1 gene remain relatively unknown. Here we identify a topologically-associating domain (TAD) in the chromatin of B cells that includes the mouse Ets1 gene locus and describe an interaction hub that extends over 100 kb upstream and into the gene body. Additionally,we compile epigenetic datasets to find several putative regulatory elements within the interaction hub by identifying regions of high DNA accessibility and enrichment of active enhancer histone marks. Using reporter constructs,we determine that DNA sequences within this interaction hub are sufficient to direct reporter gene expression in lymphoid tissues of transgenic mice. Further analysis indicates that the reporter construct drives faithful expression of the reporter gene in mouse B cells,but variegated expression in T cells,suggesting the existence of T cell regulatory elements outside this region. To investigate how the downregulation of Ets1 transcription is associated with alterations in the epigenetic landscape of stimulated B cells,we performed ATAC-seq in resting and BCR-stimulated primary B cells and identified four regions within and upstream of the Ets1 locus that undergo changes in chromatin accessibility that correlate to Ets1 gene expression. Interestingly,functional analysis of several putative Ets1 regulatory elements using luciferase constructs suggested a high level of functional redundancy. Taken together our studies reveal a complex network of regulatory elements and transcription factors that coordinate the B cell-specific expression of Ets1. View Publication

BACKGROUND: The dose-limiting toxicity of doxorubicin on hematopoietic stem cells reduces the maximum benefit from this powerful drug. Melatonin may play a role in reducing this toxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Melatonin at 10 microM was used while challenging human peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) with doxorubicin (0.6 microM and 1 microM),and colony formation was used to evaluate the protective effect of melatonin. RESULTS: Melatonin was protective for the myeloid and erythroid series when given during or 1 hour after,but not before,doxorubicin,as measured by colony assay. This protection was independent from its antioxidant function as measured by 2',7'-dichlodihydro-fluorescein diacetate and was selective for PBSC when compared to the MCF-7 cancer cell line. CONCLUSION: The results suggest the importance of the time sequence for melatonin administration to exert its protective effect in relation to doxorubicin treatment,as well as its protective effect on both erythroid and myeloid elements independent from its antioxidant function. View Publication

An immunochromatographic assay (Campy-ICA) using a newly generated single monoclonal antibody against a 15-kDa cell surface protein of Campylobacter jejuni was developed. When cell suspensions of 86 C. jejuni strains and 27 Campylobacter coli strains were treated with a commercially available bacterial protein extraction reagent and the resulting extracts were tested with the Campy-ICA,they all yielded positive results. The minimum detectable limits for the C. jejuni strains ranged from 1.8 x 10(4) to 8.2 x 10(5) CFU/ml of cell suspension,and those for the C. coli strains ranged from 1.4 x 10(5) to 4.6 x 10(6) CFU/ml of cell suspension. All 26 non-Campylobacter species tested yielded negative results with the Campy-ICA. To evaluate the ability of the Campy-ICA to detect C. jejuni and C. coli in human stool specimens,suspensions of 222 stool specimens from patients with acute gastroenteritis were treated with the bacterial protein extraction reagent,and the resulting extracts were tested with the Campy-ICA. The Campy-ICA results showed a sensitivity of 84.8% (28 of 33 specimens) and a specificity of 100% (189 of 189 specimens) compared to the results of isolation of C. jejuni and C. coli from the stool specimens by a bacterial culture test. The Campy-ICA was simple to perform and was able to detect Campylobacter antigen in a fecal extract within 15 min. These results suggest that Campy-ICA testing of fecal extracts may be useful as a simple and rapid adjunct to stool culture for detecting C. jejuni and C. coli in human stool specimens. View Publication

Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) can differentiate into many cell types and are important for regenerative medicine; however,further work is needed to reliably differentiate hESC and hiPSC into neural-restricted multipotent derivatives or specialized cell types under conditions that are free from animal products. Toward this goal,we tested the transition of hESC and hiPSC lines onto xeno-free (XF) / feeder-free conditions and evaluated XF substrate preference,pluripotency,and karyotype. Critically,XF transitioned H9 hESC,Shef4 hESC,and iPS6-9 retained pluripotency (Oct-4 and NANOG),proliferation (MKI67 and PCNA),and normal karyotype. Subsequently,XF transitioned hESC and hiPSC were induced with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) to generate neuralized spheres containing primitive neural precursors,which could differentiate into astrocytes and neurons,but not oligoprogenitors. Further neuralization of spheres via LIF supplementation and attachment selection on CELLstart substrate generated adherent human neural stem cells (hNSC) with normal karyotype and high proliferation potential under XF conditions. Interestingly,adherent hNSC derived from H9,Shef4,and iPS6-9 differentiated into significant numbers of O4+ oligoprogenitors (∼20-30%) with robust proliferation; however,very few GalC+ cells were observed (∼2-4%),indicative of early oligodendrocytic lineage commitment. Overall,these data demonstrate the transition of multiple hESC and hiPSC lines onto XF substrate and media conditions,and a reproducible neuralization method that generated neural derivatives with multipotent cell fate potential and normal karyotype. View Publication