搜索结果: 'methocult media formulations for mouse hematopoietic cells serum containing'

Because hematopoietic stem cells are rich in aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity,we developed a fluorescent substrate for ALDH,termed BODIPY aminoacetaldehyde (BAAA),and tested its potential for isolating primitive human hematopoietic cells. A population of cells with low orthogonal light scattering and bright fluorescence intensity (SSC(lo)ALDH(br) cells) could be readily fractionated from human umbilical cord blood cells costained with BAAA and the multidrug-resistance inhibitor verapamil. The SSC(lo)ALDH(br) population was depleted of lineage-committed cells,40-90% pure for CD34(+)CD38(lo/-) cells,and enriched 50- to 100-fold for primitive hematopoietic progenitors detected in short- and long-term culture analyses. Together,these observations indicate that fractionating human hematopoietic stem cells on the basis of ALDH activity using BAAA is an effective method for isolating primitive human hematopoietic progenitors. This technique may be useful for isolating stem cells from other tissues as well. View Publication

Known molecular determinants of developmental plasticity are mainly transcription factors,while the extrinsic regulation of this process has been largely unexplored. Here we identify Cripto as one of the earliest epiblast markers and a key extracellular determinant of the naive and primed pluripotent states. We demonstrate that Cripto sustains mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) self-renewal by modulating Wnt/β-catenin,whereas it maintains mouse epiblast stem cell (EpiSC) and human ESC pluripotency through Nodal/Smad2. Moreover,we provide unprecedented evidence that Cripto controls the metabolic reprogramming in ESCs to EpiSC transition. Remarkably,Cripto deficiency attenuates ESC lineage restriction in vitro and in vivo,and permits ESC transdifferentiation into trophectoderm lineage,suggesting that Cripto has earlier functions than previously recognized. All together,our studies provide novel insights into the current model of mammalian pluripotency and contribute to the understanding of the extrinsic regulation of the first cell lineage decision in the embryo. View Publication

Here it is shown that the phenotype of adult mice lacking the first enhancer (DNA hypersensitive site I) and the distal promoter of the GATA-1 gene (neo Delta HS or GATA-1(low) mutants) reveals defects in mast cell development. These include the presence of morphologically abnormal alcian blue(+) mast cells and apoptotic metachromatic(-) mast cell precursors in connective tissues and peritoneal lavage and numerous (60-70% of all the progenitors) unique" trilineage cells committed to erythroid� View Publication

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and stem cell factor (SCF) act as growth factors for the hemangioblast,an embryonic progenitor of the hematopoietic and endothelial lineages. Because thrombopoietin (TPO) and its receptor,c-Mpl,regulate primitive hematopoietic populations,including bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells,we investigated whether TPO acts on the hemangioblasts that derive from differentiation of embryonic stem cells in vitro. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis detected expression of c-Mpl beginning on day 3 of embryoid body differentiation when the hemangioblast first arises. In assays of the hemangioblast colony-forming cell (BL-CFC),TPO alone supported BL-CFC formation and nearly doubled the number of BL-CFC when added together with VEGF and SCF. When replated under the appropriate conditions,TPO-stimulated BL-CFC gave rise to secondary hematopoietic colonies,as well as endothelial cells,confirming their nature as hemangioblasts. Addition of a neutralizing anti-VEGF antibody did not block TPO enhancement of BL-CFC formation,suggesting that TPO acts independently of VEGF. These results establish that Mpl signaling plays a role in the earliest stages of hematopoietic development and that TPO represents a third growth factor influencing hemangioblast formation. View Publication

Oncogenic Kit mutations are found in somatic gastrointestinal (GI) stromal tumors (GISTs) and mastocytosis. A mouse model for the study of constitutive activation of Kit in oncogenesis has been produced by a knock-in strategy introducing a Kit exon 11-activating mutation into the mouse genome based on a mutation found in a case of human familial GIST syndrome. Heterozygous mutant KitV558Delta/+ mice develop symptoms of disease and eventually die from pathology in the GI tract. Patchy hyperplasia of Kit-positive cells is evident within the myenteric plexus of the entire GI tract. Neoplastic lesions indistinguishable from human GISTs were observed in the cecum of the mutant mice with high penetrance. In addition,mast cell numbers in the dorsal skin were increased. Therefore KitV558Delta/+ mice reproduce human familial GISTs,and they may be used as a model for the study of the role and mechanisms of Kit in neoplasia. Importantly,these results demonstrate that constitutive Kit signaling is critical and sufficient for induction of GIST and hyperplasia of interstitial cells of Cajal. View Publication

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA),a motor neuron disease (MND) and one of the most common genetic causes of infant mortality,currently has no cure. Patients with SMA exhibit muscle weakness and hypotonia. Stem cell transplantation is a potential therapeutic strategy for SMA and other MNDs. In this study,we isolated spinal cord neural stem cells (NSCs) from mice expressing green fluorescent protein only in motor neurons and assessed their therapeutic effects on the phenotype of SMA mice. Intrathecally grafted NSCs migrated into the parenchyma and generated a small proportion of motor neurons. Treated SMA mice exhibited improved neuromuscular function,increased life span,and improved motor unit pathology. Global gene expression analysis of laser-capture-microdissected motor neurons from treated mice showed that the major effect of NSC transplantation was modification of the SMA phenotype toward the wild-type pattern,including changes in RNA metabolism proteins,cell cycle proteins,and actin-binding proteins. NSC transplantation positively affected the SMA disease phenotype,indicating that transplantation of NSCs may be a possible treatment for SMA. View Publication

Williams syndrome is a genetic neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by an uncommon hypersociability and a mosaic of retained and compromised linguistic and cognitive abilities. Nearly all clinically diagnosed individuals with Williams syndrome lack precisely the same set of genes,with breakpoints in chromosome band 7q11.23 (refs 1-5). The contribution of specific genes to the neuroanatomical and functional alterations,leading to behavioural pathologies in humans,remains largely unexplored. Here we investigate neural progenitor cells and cortical neurons derived from Williams syndrome and typically developing induced pluripotent stem cells. Neural progenitor cells in Williams syndrome have an increased doubling time and apoptosis compared with typically developing neural progenitor cells. Using an individual with atypical Williams syndrome,we narrowed this cellular phenotype to a single gene candidate,frizzled 9 (FZD9). At the neuronal stage,layer V/VI cortical neurons derived from Williams syndrome were characterized by longer total dendrites,increased numbers of spines and synapses,aberrant calcium oscillation and altered network connectivity. Morphometric alterations observed in neurons from Williams syndrome were validated after Golgi staining of post-mortem layer V/VI cortical neurons. This model of human induced pluripotent stem cells fills the current knowledge gap in the cellular biology of Williams syndrome and could lead to further insights into the molecular mechanism underlying the disorder and the human social brain. View Publication

Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) engraftment is a multistep process involving HSC homing to bone marrow,self-renewal,proliferation,and differentiation to mature blood cells. Here,we show that loss of p190-B RhoGTPase activating protein,a negative regulator of Rho GTPases,results in enhanced long-term engraftment during serial transplantation. This effect is associated with maintenance of functional HSC-enriched cells. Furthermore,loss of p190-B led to marked improvement of HSC in vivo repopulation capacity during ex vivo culture without altering proliferation and multilineage differentiation of HSC and progeny. Transcriptional analysis revealed that p190-B deficiency represses the up-regulation of p16(Ink4a) in HSCs in primary and secondary transplantation recipients,providing a possible mechanism of p190-B-mediated HSC functions. Our study defines p190-B as a critical transducer element of HSC self-renewal activity and long-term engraftment,thus suggesting that p190-B is a target for HSC-based therapies requiring maintenance of engraftment phenotype. View Publication

OBJECTIVE: We examined if cellular elements or adhesive ligands were able to alter asymmetric divisions of CD34(+)/CD38(-) cells in contrast to soluble factors at a single cell level. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After single cell deposition onto 96-well plates,cells were cocultured for 10 days with the stem cell supporting cell line AFT024,fibronectin (FN),or bovine serum albumin (BSA). The divisional history was monitored with time-lapse microscopy. Subsequent function for the most primitive cells was assessed using the myeloid-lymphoid-initiating cell (ML-IC) assay. Committed progenitors were measured using colony-forming cells (CFC). RESULTS: Only contact with AFT024 recruited significant numbers of CD34(+)/CD38(-) cells into cell cycle and increased asymmetric divisions. Although most ML-IC were still identified among cells that have divided fewer than 3 times,a significant number of ML-IC shifted into the fast-dividing fraction after exposure to AFT024. The increase in ML-IC frequency was predominantly due to recruitment of quiescent and slow-dividing cells from the starting population. Increase in CFC activity induced by AFT024 was found only among rapidly dividing cells. CONCLUSIONS: For the first time,we have demonstrated that asymmetric divisions can be altered upon exposure with a stem cell-supporting microenvironment. For the primitive subset of cells (ML-IC),this was predominantly due to recruitment into cell cycle and increased rounds of cycling without loss of function. Exposure to AFT024 cells also increased proliferation and asymmetric divisions of committed CFC. Hence direct communication between hematopoietic progenitors with stroma cells is required for maintaining self-renewal potential. View Publication

A broad range of hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors reside within a fraction of umbilical cord blood (UCB) that exhibits low light scatter properties (SSC(lo)) and high expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH(br)). Many SSC(lo) ALDH(br) cells coexpress CD34; however,other cells express either ALDH or CD34. To investigate the developmental potential of these cell subsets,purified ALDH(br) CD34+,ALDH(neg) CD34+,and ALDH(br) CD34(neg) UCB cells were characterized within a variety of in vivo and in vitro assays. Primitive progenitors capable of multilineage development were monitored in long- and short-term repopulation assays performed on nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mice,and in primary and secondary long-term culture assays. These progenitors were highly enriched within the ALDH(br) CD34+ fraction. This cell fraction also enriched short-term myeloid progenitors that were detected in vitro. By comparison,ALDH(neg) CD34+ cells contained few primitive progenitors and had diminished short-term myeloid potential but exhibited enhanced short-term natural killer (NK) cell development in vitro. The ALDH(br) CD34(neg) cells were not efficiently supported by any of the assays used. These studies suggested that in particular the expression of ALDH delineated distinct CD34+ stem cell and progenitor compartments. The differential expression of ALDH may provide a means to explore normal and malignant processes associated with myeloid and lymphoid development. View Publication