搜索结果: 'methocult media formulations for mouse hematopoietic cells serum containing'

Normal density granulocytes (NDGs) can suppress T-cell responses in a similar way as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). In this study,we tested the hypothesis that NDGs from healthy donors preferentially inhibit T helper 1 (Th1) cells and investigated the myeloid-derived suppressive effect in different T-cell populations. We found that NDG-induced suppression of T-cell proliferation was contact dependent,mediated by integrin CD11b,and dependent on NDG-production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The suppression was rapid and occurred within the first few hours of coculture. The suppression did not influence the CD8+/CD4+ ratio indicating an equal sensitivity in these populations. We further analyzed the CD4+ T helper subsets and found that NDGs induced a loss of Th1 surface marker,CD183,that was unrelated to ligand-binding to CD183. In addition,we analyzed the Th1,Th2,and Th17 cytokine production and found that all cytokine groups were suppressed when T-cells were incubated with NDGs. We therefore concluded that NDGs do not preferentially suppress Th1-cells. Instead,NDGs generally suppress Th cells and cytotoxic T-cells but specifically downregulate the Th1 marker CD183. View Publication

The contribution of mast cells in the microenvironment of solid malignancies remains controversial. Here we functionally assess the impact of tumor-adjacent,submucosal mast cell accumulation in murine and human intestinal-type gastric cancer. We find that genetic ablation or therapeutic inactivation of mast cells suppresses accumulation of tumor-associated macrophages,reduces tumor cell proliferation and angiogenesis,and diminishes tumor burden. Mast cells are activated by interleukin (IL)-33,an alarmin produced by the tumor epithelium in response to the inflammatory cytokine IL-11,which is required for the growth of gastric cancers in mice. Accordingly,ablation of the cognate IL-33 receptor St2 limits tumor growth,and reduces mast cell-dependent production and release of the macrophage-attracting factors Csf2,Ccl3,and Il6. Conversely,genetic or therapeutic macrophage depletion reduces tumor burden without affecting mast cell abundance. Therefore,tumor-derived IL-33 sustains a mast cell and macrophage-dependent signaling cascade that is amenable for the treatment of gastric cancer. View Publication

The higher-order architecture observed in biological systems,like viruses,is very effective in nucleic acid transport. The replications of this system has been attempted with both synthetic and naturally occurring polymers with mixed results. Here we describe a peptide/siRNA quaternary complex that functions as an siRNA delivery system. The rational design of a peptide assembly is inspired by the viral capsids,but not derived from them. We selected the collagen peptide (COL) to provide the structural stability and the folding framework,and hybridize it with the cell penetrating peptide (CPP) that allows for effective penetration of biological barriers. The peptide/siRNA quaternary complex forms stoichiometric,10 nm nanoparticles,that show fast cellular uptake ({\textless}30 min),effective siRNA release,and gene silencing. The complex provides capsid-like protection for siRNA against nucleases without being immunostimulatory,or cytotoxic. Our data suggests that delivery vehicles based on synthetic quaternary structures that exhibit higher-order architecture may be effective in improving delivery and release of nucleic acid cargo. View Publication

Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI,PDIA1) is an emerging therapeutic target in oncology. PDI inhibitors have demonstrated a unique propensity to selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cells and overcome resistance to existing therapies,although drug candidates have not yet progressed to the stage of clinical development. We recently reported the discovery of lead indene compound E64FC26 as a potent pan-PDI inhibitor that enhances the cytotoxic effects of proteasome inhibitors in panels of Multiple Myeloma (MM) cells and MM mouse models. An extensive medicinal chemistry program has led to the generation of a diverse library of indene-containing molecules with varying degrees of proteasome inhibitor potentiating activity. These compounds were generated by a novel nucleophilic aromatic ring cyclization and dehydration reaction from the precursor ketones. The results provide detailed structure activity relationships (SAR) around this indene pharmacophore and show a high degree of correlation between potency of PDI inhibition and bortezomib (Btz) potentiation in MM cells. Inhibition of PDI leads to ER and oxidative stress characterized by the accumulation of misfolded poly-ubiquitinated proteins and the induction of UPR biomarkers ATF4,CHOP,and Nrf2. This work characterizes the synthesis and SAR of a new chemical class and further validates PDI as a therapeutic target in MM as a single agent and in combination with proteasome inhibitors. View Publication

The rare,accelerated aging disease Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) is commonly caused by a de novo c.1824 C?>?T point mutation of the LMNA gene that results in the protein progerin. The primary cause of death is a heart attack or stroke arising from atherosclerosis. A characteristic feature of HGPS arteries is loss of smooth muscle cells. An adenine base editor (ABE7.10max) corrected the point mutation and produced significant improvement in HGPS mouse lifespan,vascular smooth muscle cell density,and adventitial fibrosis. To assess whether base editing correction of human HGPS tissue engineered blood vessels (TEBVs) prevents the HGPS vascular phenotype and to identify the minimum fraction of edited smooth muscle cells needed to effect such changes,we transduced HGPS iPSCs with lentivirus containing ABE7.10max. Endothelial cells (viECs) and smooth muscle cells (viSMCs) obtained by differentiation of edited HGPS iPSCs did not express progerin and had double-stranded DNA breaks and reactive oxygen species at the same levels as healthy viSMCs and viECs. Editing HGPSviECs restored a normal response to shear stress. Normal vasodilation and viSMC density were restored in TEBVs made with edited cells. When TEBVs were prepared with at least 50% edited smooth muscle cells,viSMC proliferation and myosin heavy chain levels significantly improved. Sequencing of TEBV cells after perfusion indicated an enrichment of edited cells after 5?weeks of perfusion when they comprised 50% of the initial number of cells in the TEBVs. Thus,base editing correction of a fraction of HGPS vascular cells improves human TEBV phenotype. View Publication

BackgroundTimely resolution of innate immune responses activated by surgical intervention is crucial for patient recovery. While cytokines and innate immune cells are critical in inflammation resolution,the specific role of IL-18 in these processes remains controversial and underexplored.MethodsWe investigate determinants of successful recovery using peripheral blood samples from orthopedic surgery (ORT) patients (n?=?33) at T0 (before surgery),T1 (24 h after surgery) and T2 (3 days after surgery). Monocytes from ORT patients underwent immunophenotyping together with bulk transcriptomic analysis. We found that IL-18 strongly defines the recovery immune signature. These results were further validated in vitro by comparing IL-18 and TNF-? effects on monocytes,and in 3D human intestine organoids together with single cell (sc)-RNAseq analysis.ResultsTranscriptomics of ORT monocytes revealed upregulation of ITG family integrins,namely ITGB3 and ITGB5,CXCL family chemokines,notably CXCL1-3,CXCL5,and SCL/TAL1 factor controlling differentiation and migration,but not pro-inflammatory genes. Similar changes were observed in IL-18 stimulated healthy donor monocytes in vitro,including an increase in CD11b,CD64,and CD86 levels,accompanied by increased phosphorylation of Akt but not NF?B. These changes were attenuated in the presence of TNF-?,thus showing a unique role of IL-18 when acting alone without its most frequent paired cytokine TNF-?. We further confirmed that IL-18 induces monocyte-macrophage transition and migration using human intestinal organoids. Finally,TNF-?/IL-18 ratio showed a high predictive value of clinical severity in septic patients.ConclusionsWe propose a novel role of IL-18 on monocyte migration and macrophage transition characterizing successful orthopedic surgery recovery,as well as the ratio of IL-18/TNF-? as a novel marker of inflammation resolution,with potential implications for patient monitoring and therapeutic strategies.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-025-06652-7. View Publication

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease of the motor system with complex determinants,including genetic and non-genetic factors. A key pathological signature of ALS is the cytoplasmic mislocalization and aggregation of TDP-43 in affected motor neurons,which is found in 97% of cases. Recent reports have shown that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a significant role in motor neuron degeneration in ALS,and TDP-43 modulates several mitochondrial transcripts. In this study,we used induced pluripotent stem cell-derived motor neurons from ALS patients with TDP-43 mutations and a transgenic TDP-43M337V mouse model to determine how TDP-43 mutations alter mitochondrial function and axonal transport. We detected significantly reduced mitochondrial respiration and ATP production in patient induced pluripotent stem cell-derived motor neurons,linked to an interaction between TDP-43M337V with ATPB and COX5A. A downstream reduction in speed of retrograde axonal transport in patient induced pluripotent stem cell-derived motor neurons was detected,which correlated with downregulation of the motor protein complex,DCTN1/dynein. Overexpression of DCTN1 in patient induced pluripotent stem cell-derived motor neurons significantly increased the percentage of retrograde travelling mitochondria and reduced the percentage of stationary mitochondria. This study shows that ALS induced pluripotent stem cell-derived motor neurons with mutations in TDP-43 have deficiencies in essential mitochondrial functions with downstream effects on retrograde axonal transport,which can be partially rescued by DCTN1 overexpression. Dafinca et al. show that mutations in TDP-43 lead to decreased mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation,partially due to interactions with the ATP production machinery and COX5A. These have direct effects on axonal transport,which is reduced in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis motor neurons,and overexpression of dynactin-1 significantly increases retrograde mitochondrial dynamics. View Publication

SummaryCardiovascular disease (CVD) is associated with both genetic variants and environmental factors. One unifying consequence of the molecular risk factors in CVD is DNA damage,which must be repaired by DNA damage response proteins. However,the impact of DNA damage on global cardiomyocyte protein abundance,and its relationship to CVD risk remains unclear. We therefore treated induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes with the DNA-damaging agent Doxorubicin (DOX) and a vehicle control,and identified 4,178 proteins that contribute to a network comprising 12 co-expressed modules and 403 hub proteins with high intramodular connectivity. Five modules correlate with DOX and represent distinct biological processes including RNA processing,chromatin regulation and metabolism. DOX-correlated hub proteins are depleted for proteins that vary in expression across individuals due to genetic variation but are enriched for proteins encoded by loss-of-function intolerant genes. While proteins associated with genetic risk for CVD,such as arrhythmia are enriched in specific DOX-correlated modules,DOX-correlated hub proteins are not enriched for known CVD risk proteins. Instead,they are enriched among proteins that physically interact with CVD risk proteins. Our data demonstrate that DNA damage in cardiomyocytes induces diverse effects on biological processes through protein co-expression modules that are relevant for CVD,and that the level of protein connectivity in DNA damage-associated modules influences the tolerance to genetic variation. View Publication

Background: Pulmonary fibrosis is a major disease that leads to the progressive loss of lung function. The disease manifests early,resulting in type 2 respiratory failure. This is likely due to the bronchocentric fibrosis around the major airways,which causes airflow limitation. It affects approximately three million patients worldwide and has a poor prognosis. Skin fibroblasts isolated from patients offer valuable insights into understanding the disease mechanisms,identifying the genetic causes,and developing personalized therapies. However,the use of skin fibroblasts to study a disease that exclusively impacts the lungs is often questioned,particularly since lung fibrosis primarily affects the alveolar epithelium. Method: We report the reprogramming of skin fibroblasts from patients with an atypical early-onset form of lung fibrosis into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and subsequently into alveolar epithelial cells. This was achieved using a Sendai virus approach. Results: We show that the reprogrammed cells carry mutations in the calcium-binding protein genes S100A3 and S100A13,leading to diminished protein expression,thus mimicking the patients’ cells. Additionally,we demonstrate that the generated patient iPSCs exhibit aberrant calcium and mitochondrial functions. Conclusions: Due to the lack of a suitable animal model that accurately resembles the human disease,generating patient lung cells from these iPSCs can provide a valuable “disease in a dish” model for studying the atypical form of inherited lung fibrosis. This condition is associated with mutations in the calcium-binding protein genes S100A3 (NM_002960) and S100A13 (NM_001024210),aiding in the understanding of its pathogenesis. View Publication

Deleterious germline DDX41 variants constitute the most common inherited predisposition disorder linked to myeloid neoplasms (MNs),yet their role in MNs remains unclear. Here we show that DDX41 is essential for erythropoiesis but dispensable for other hematopoietic lineages. Ddx41 knockout in early erythropoiesis is embryonically lethal,while knockout in late-stage terminal erythropoiesis allows mice to survive with normal blood counts. DDX41 deficiency induces a significant upregulation of G-quadruplexes (G4),which co-distribute with DDX41 on the erythroid genome. DDX41 directly binds to and resolves G4,which is significantly compromised in MN-associated DDX41 mutants. G4 accumulation induces erythroid genome instability,ribosomal defects,and p53 upregulation. However,p53 deficiency does not rescue the embryonic death of Ddx41 hematopoietic-specific knockout mice. In parallel,genome instability also activates the cGas-Sting pathway,impairing survival,as cGas deficiency rescues the lethality of hematopoietic-specific Ddx41 knockout mice. This is supported by data from a DDX41-mutated MN patient and human iPSC-derived bone marrow organoids. Our study establishes DDX41 as a G4 resolvase,essential for erythroid genome stability and suppressing the cGAS-STING pathway. Germline DDX41 mutations are linked to myeloid neoplasms,but their roles in the disease is unclear. Here,the authors show that DDX41 resolves G-quadruplex structures to maintain erythroid genome stability and prevent cGAS-mediated cell death. These functions are lost in disease-associated variants. View Publication

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is associated with numerous cancers including B cell lymphomas. In vitro,EBV transforms primary B cells into immortalized Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines (LCLs) which serves as a model to study the role of viral proteins in EBV malignancies. EBV induced cellular transformation is driven by viral proteins including EBV-Nuclear Antigens (EBNAs). EBNA-LP is important for the transformation of naïve but not memory B cells. While EBNA-LP was thought to promote gene activation by EBNA2,EBNA-LP Knockout (LPKO) virus-infected cells express EBNA2-activated cellular genes efficiently. Therefore,a gap in knowledge exists as to what roles EBNA-LP plays in naïve B cell transformation. We developed a trans-complementation assay wherein transfection with wild-type EBNA-LP rescues the transformation of peripheral blood- and cord blood-derived naïve B cells by LPKO virus. Despite EBNA-LP phosphorylation sites being important in EBNA2 co-activation; neither phospho-mutant nor phospho-mimetic EBNA-LP was defective in rescuing naïve B cell outgrowth. However,we identified conserved leucine-rich motifs in EBNA-LP that were required for transformation of adult naïve and cord blood B cells. Because cellular PPAR-g coactivator (PGC) proteins use leucine-rich motifs to engage transcription factors including YY1,a key regulator of DNA looping and metabolism,we examined the role of EBNA-LP in engaging transcription factors. We found a significant overlap between EBNA-LP and YY1 in ChIP-Seq data. By Cut&Run,YY1 peaks unique to WT compared to LPKO LCLs occur at more highly expressed genes. Moreover,Cas9 knockout of YY1 in primary B cells prior to EBV infection indicated YY1 to be important for EBV-mediated transformation. We confirmed EBNA-LP and YY1 biochemical association in LCLs by endogenous co-immunoprecipitation and found that the EBNA-LP leucine-rich motifs were required for YY1 interaction in LCLs. We propose that EBNA-LP engages YY1 through conserved leucine-rich motifs to promote EBV transformation of naïve B cells. Author summaryEpstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is associated with various B cell lymphomas,particularly in immunosuppressed individuals. In the absence of a functional immune system,viral latency proteins,including EBV Nuclear Antigens (EBNAs) act as oncoproteins to promote tumorigenesis. EBNA-LP is one of the first viral proteins produced after infection and is important for the transformation of naïve B cells. However,the roles of EBNA-LP during infection are largely undefined. In this study,developed an assay in which the role of wild type and mutant EBNA-LP could be investigated in the context of primary naïve B cells infected with an EBNA-LP Knockout virus. Using this assay,we identified highly conserved leucine-rich motifs within EBNA-LP that are important for transformation of EBV-infected naïve B cells. These conserved motifs associate with the cellular transcription factor YY1,an important transcriptional regulator in B cell development and in many cancers,that we now show is essential for outgrowth of EBV infected B cells. Our study provides further insights into the mechanisms by which EBV transforms naïve B cells. View Publication