搜索结果: 'methocult media formulations for human hematopoietic cells serum containing'

The aetiology of human fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinomas (hFL-HCCs),cancers occurring increasingly in children to young adults,is poorly understood. We present a transplantable tumour line,maintained in immune-compromised mice,and validate it as a bona fide model of hFL-HCCs by multiple methods. RNA-seq analysis confirms the presence of a fusion transcript (DNAJB1-PRKACA) characteristic of hFL-HCC tumours. The hFL-HCC tumour line is highly enriched for cancer stem cells as indicated by limited dilution tumourigenicity assays,spheroid formation and flow cytometry. Immunohistochemistry on the hFL-HCC model,with parallel studies on 27 primary hFL-HCC tumours,provides robust evidence for expression of endodermal stem cell traits. Transcriptomic analyses of the tumour line and of multiple,normal hepatic lineage stages reveal a gene signature for hFL-HCCs closely resembling that of biliary tree stem cells--newly discovered precursors for liver and pancreas. This model offers unprecedented opportunities to investigate mechanisms underlying hFL-HCCs pathogenesis and potential therapies. View Publication

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC),an aggressive neuroendocrine tumor with early dissemination and dismal prognosis,accounts for 15-20{\%} of lung cancer cases and ∼200,000 deaths each year. Most cases are inoperable,and biopsies to investigate SCLC biology are rarely obtainable. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs),which are prevalent in SCLC,present a readily accessible 'liquid biopsy'. Here we show that CTCs from patients with either chemosensitive or chemorefractory SCLC are tumorigenic in immune-compromised mice,and the resultant CTC-derived explants (CDXs) mirror the donor patient's response to platinum and etoposide chemotherapy. Genomic analysis of isolated CTCs revealed considerable similarity to the corresponding CDX. Most marked differences were observed between CDXs from patients with different clinical outcomes. These data demonstrate that CTC molecular analysis via serial blood sampling could facilitate delivery of personalized medicine for SCLC. CDXs are readily passaged,and these unique mouse models provide tractable systems for therapy testing and understanding drug resistance mechanisms. View Publication

Proteasome inhibitors bortezomib,carfilzomib and ixazomib (approved by the US Food and Drug Administration [FDA]) induce remissions in patients with multiple myeloma (MM),but most patients eventually become resistant. MM and other hematologic malignancies express ubiquitous constitutive proteasomes and lymphoid tissue-specific immunoproteasomes; immunoproteasome expression is increased in resistant patients. Immunoproteasomes contain 3 distinct pairs of active sites,$\beta$5i,$\beta$1i,and $\beta$2i,which are different from their constitutive $\beta$5c,$\beta$1c,and $\beta$2c counterparts. Bortezomib and carfilzomib block $\beta$5c and $\beta$5i sites. We report here that pharmacologically relevant concentrations of $\beta$5i-specific inhibitor ONX-0914 show cytotoxicity in MM cell lines similar to that of carfilzomib and bortezomib. In addition,increasing immunoproteasome expression by interferon-$\gamma$ increases sensitivity to ONX-0914 but not to carfilzomib. LU-102,an inhibitor of $\beta$2 sites,dramatically sensitizes MM cell lines and primary cells to ONX-0914. ONX-0914 synergizes with all FDA-approved proteasome inhibitors in MM in vitro and in vivo. Thus,immunoproteasome inhibitors,currently in clinical trials for the treatment of autoimmune diseases,should also be considered for the treatment of MM. View Publication

Patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide a novel tool to investigate the pathophysiology of poorly known diseases,in particular those affecting the nervous system,which has been difficult to study for its lack of accessibility. In this emerging and promising field,recent iPSCs studies are mostly used as proof-of-principle" experiments that are confirmatory of previous findings obtained from animal models and postmortem human studies; its promise as a discovery tool is just beginning to be realized. A recent number of studies point to the functional similarities between in vitro neurogenesis and in vivo neuronal development� View Publication

The relevance of blood-based assays to monitor minimal residual disease (MRD) in non-metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) remains unclear. Proving that clinically relevant circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can be detected with available technologies could address this. This study aimed to improve CTC detection in non-metastatic PCa patients by combining three independent CTC assays: the CellSearch system,an in vivo CellCollector and the EPISPOT. Peripheral blood samples from high-risk PCa patients were screened for CTCs before and three months after radical prostatectomy (RP). Combining the results of both time points,CTCs were detected in 37{\%},54.9{\%} and 58.7{\%} of patients using CellSearch,CellCollector and EPISPOT,respectively. The cumulative positivity rate of the three CTC assays was 81.3{\%} (87/107) with 21.5{\%} (23/107) of patients harboring ≥5 CTCs/7.5 ml blood. Matched pair analysis of 30 blood samples taken before and after surgery indicated a significant decrease in CTCs captured by the CellCollector from 66{\%} before RP to 34{\%} after therapy (p = 0.031). CTC detection by EPISPOT before RP significantly correlated with PSA serum values (p {\textless} 0.0001) and clinical tumor stage (p = 0.04),while the other assays showed no significant correlations. In conclusion,CTC-based liquid biopsies have the potential to monitor MRD in patients with non-metastatic prostate cancer. View Publication

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of AZD8055 on proliferation,apoptosis and glycolysis in the human cervical cancer cell line HeLa and to investigate the underlying mechanism(s) of action. HeLa human cervical cancer cells were treated with 10 nM AZD8055 for 24,48 or 72 h. MTT was used to determine cell proliferation. Annexin V/propidium iodide staining was used to determine cell apoptosis analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Glycolytic activity was determined by measuring the activity of the key enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and lactate production. RNA and protein expression were examined by qRT-PCR and western blotting,respectively. Treatment with AZD8055 inhibited proliferation and glycolysis,and induced apoptosis in HeLa cells in a time-dependent manner. During the prolonged treatment with AZD8055,the phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) C1 substrates p70S6K and phosphorylation of the mTORC2 substrate Akt were deregulated,suggesting that the activity of mTOR was downregulated. Furthermore,our study showed that the expression of miR-143 was upregulated in a time-dependent manner in HeLa cells treated with AZD8055. In summary,the present study reveals a novel antitumor mechanism of AZD8055 in HeLa human cervical cancer cells. View Publication

Although studies have identified the presence of gut-associated cells in the enthesis of joints affected by spondylarthritis (SpA),a direct link through cellular transit between the gut and joint has yet to be formally demonstrated. Using KikGR transgenic mice to label in situ and track cellular trafficking from the distal colon to the joint under inflammatory conditions of both the gut and joint,we demonstrate bona-fide gut-joint trafficking of T cells from the colon epithelium,also called intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs),to distal sites including joint enthesis,the pathogenic site of SpA. Similar to patients with SpA,colon IELs from the TNF$\Delta$ARE/+ mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease and SpA display heightened TNF production upon stimulation. Using ex vivo stimulation of photo-labeled gut-joint trafficked T cells from the popliteal lymph nodes of KikGR and KikGR TNF$\Delta$ARE/+ we saw that the CD4+ photo-labeled population was highly enriched for IL-17 competence in healthy as well as arthritic mice,however in the TNF$\Delta$ARE/+ mice these cells were additionally enriched for TNF. Using transfer of magnetically isolated IELs from TNF+/+ and TNF$\Delta$ARE/+ donors into Rag1 -/- hosts,we confirmed that IELs can exacerbate inflammatory processes in the joint. Finally,we blocked IEL recruitment to the colon epithelium using broad spectrum antibiotics in TNF$\Delta$ARE/+ mice. Antibiotic-treated mice had reduced gut-joint IEL migration,contained fewer Il-17A and TNF competent CD4+ T cells,and lessened joint pathology compared to untreated littermate controls. Together these results demonstrate that pro-inflammatory colon-derived IELs can exacerbate inflammatory responses in the joint through systemic trafficking,and that interference with this process through gut-targeted approaches has therapeutic potential in SpA. View Publication

SummaryMotivated by the cellular heterogeneity in complex tissues,particularly in brain and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived brain models,we developed a complete workflow to reproducibly characterize cell types in complex tissues. Our approach combines a flow cytometry (FC) antibody panel with our computational pipeline CelltypeR,enabling dataset aligning,unsupervised clustering optimization,cell type annotating,and statistical comparisons. Applied to human iPSC derived midbrain organoids,it successfully identified the major brain cell types. We performed fluorescence-activated cell sorting of CelltypeR-defined astrocytes,radial glia,and neurons,exploring transcriptional states by single-cell RNA sequencing. Among the sorted neurons,we identified subgroups of dopamine neurons: one reminiscent of substantia nigra cells most vulnerable in Parkinson’s disease. Finally,we used our workflow to track cell types across a time course of organoid differentiation. Overall,our adaptable analysis framework provides a generalizable method for reproducibly identifying cell types across FC datasets in complex tissues. Graphical abstract Highlights•CelltypeR is a flow cytometry and computational pipeline for cell type quantification•Identified brain cell types in midbrain organoids and measured changes in proportions•Enriched selected populations using FACS and characterized by single-cell RNA sequencing•Identified substantia nigra–like dopaminergic neurons sensitive in Parkinson’s disease Neuroscience; Cell biology; Omics View Publication

Supercentenarians (≥110-year-old,SC) are a uniquely informative population not only because they surpass centenarians in age,but because they appear to age more slowly with fewer incidences of chronic age-related disease than centenarians. We reprogramed donor B-lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) derived from a 114-year-old (SC),a 43-year-old healthy disease-free control (HDC) and an 8-year-old with a rapid aging disease (Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS)) and compared SC-iPSC to HDC-iPSC and HGPS-iPSCs. Reprogramming to pluripotency was confirmed by pluripotency marker expression and differentiation to 3 germ-layers. Each iPSC clone differentiated efficiently to mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPC) as determined by surface marker expression and RNAseq analysis. We identified supercentenarian and HGPS associated gene expression patterns in the differentiated MPC lines that were not evident in the parental iPSC lines. Importantly,telomere length resetting occurred in iPSC from all donors albeit at a lower incidence in supercentenarian iPSCs. These data indicate the potential to use reprogramming to reset both developmental state and cellular age in the oldest of the old." We anticipate that supercentenarian iPSC and their differentiated derivatives will be valuable tools for studying the underlying mechanisms of extreme longevity and disease resistance." View Publication

BACKGROUND Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is the key enzyme of the NAD salvage pathway starting from nicotinamide. Cancer cells have an increased demand for NAD due to their high proliferation and DNA repair rate. Consequently,NAMPT is considered as a putative target for anti-cancer therapies. There is evidence that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) become dysregulated during the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here,we investigated the effects of NAMPT inhibition by its specific inhibitor FK866 on the viability of hepatocarcinoma cells and analyzed the effects of FK866 on the nutrient sensor AMPK and mTOR complex1 (mTORC1) signaling. RESULTS FK866 markedly decreased NAMPT activity and NAD content in hepatocarcinoma cells (Huh7 cells,Hep3B cells) and led to delayed ATP reduction which was associated with increased cell death. These effects could be abrogated by administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN),the enzyme product of NAMPT. Our results demonstrated a dysregulation of the AMPK/mTOR pathway in hepatocarcinoma cells compared to non-cancerous hepatocytes with a higher expression of mTOR and a lower AMPK$\alpha$ activation in hepatocarcinoma cells. We found that NAMPT inhibition by FK866 significantly activated AMPK$\alpha$ and inhibited the activation of mTOR and its downstream targets p70S6 kinase and 4E-BP1 in hepatocarcinoma cells. Non-cancerous hepatocytes were less sensitive to FK866 and did not show changes in AMPK/mTOR signaling after FK866 treatment. CONCLUSION Taken together,these findings reveal an important role of the NAMPT-mediated NAD salvage pathway in the energy homeostasis of hepatocarcinoma cells and suggest NAMPT inhibition as a potential treatment option for HCC. View Publication

Neutrophil apoptosis is essential for the resolution of inflammation but is delayed by several inflammatory mediators. In such terminally differentiated cells it has been uncertain whether these agents can inhibit apoptosis through transcriptional regulation of anti-death (Bcl-X(L),Mcl-1,Bcl2A1) or BH3-only (Bim,Bid,Puma) Bcl2-family proteins. We report that granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α prevent the normal time-dependent loss of Mcl-1 and Bcl2A1 in neutrophils,and we demonstrate that they cause an NF-κB-dependent increase in Bcl-X(L) transcription/translation. We show that GM-CSF and TNF-α increase and/or maintain mRNA levels for the pro-apoptotic BH3-only protein Bid and that GM-CSF has a similar NF-κB-dependent effect on Bim transcription and BimEL expression. The in-vivo relevance of these findings was indicated by demonstrating that GM-CSF is the dominant neutrophil survival factor in lung lavage from patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia,confirming an increase in lung neutrophil Bim mRNA. Finally GM-CSF caused mitochondrial location of Bim and a switch in phenotype to a cell that displays accelerated caspase-9-dependent apoptosis. This study demonstrates the capacity of neutrophil survival agents to induce a paradoxical increase in the pro-apoptotic proteins Bid and Bim and suggests that this may function to facilitate rapid apoptosis at the termination of the inflammatory cycle. View Publication